Rapid cooling of Cas A as a phase transition in dense QCD. (arXiv:1303.5380v1 [astro-ph.HE])

Rapid cooling of Cas A as a phase transition in dense QCD. (arXiv:1303.5380v1 [astro-ph.HE]):
We present a model of the compact star in Cassiopea A, which accommodates its
unusually fast cooling behavior. This feature is interpreted as due to an
enhancement in the neutrino emission triggered by a transition from fully
gapped two-flavor color superconducting phase to a crystalline or an
alternative gapless color superconducting phase. By fine-tuning a single
parameter -- the temperature of this transition - a specific cooling scenario
can be selected that fits the Cas A data. Such scenario requires as a
prerequisite a massive M ~ 2M_{sun}$ star and is, therefore, distinctive from
models invoking canonical 1.4 M_{sun} mass star with nucleonic pairing only.